See:
Hop (Humulus lupulus) - Virus Diseases
Rose (Rosa spp.) and hybrids - Rose Mosaic
Cause Apple mosaic disease is caused by apple mosaic virus. It is often found in mixed infections with several other viruses.There is no indication of field spread other than potentially through root grafting. All viruses of apple are transmitted through vegetative propagation such as budding, grafting and top working. ApMV, besides many Malus spp. and pear, occurs naturally in more than 30 mostly woody hosts including hazelnut, hop, Prunus spp., Rubus spp., Rosa spp., Betula spp., Chenomeles spp., and Aesculus spp. The disease not only reduces tree growth and fruit yield but also adversely affects fruit quality.
Symptoms Affected leaves exhibit dramatic white banding patterns on the leaves of many cultivars. Pale yellow to bright cream irregular spots or bands along major veins can be found on leaves in the spring. Symptomatic leaves may drop prematurely. The distribution of symptomatic leaves may be erratic throughout the tree, or limited to a single limb. The number and severity of affected leaves also depends on seasonal temperatures, with the symptoms being more severe in years with moderate springtime temperatures. No symptoms develop on branches or fruits. Most commercial apple cultivars are affected by mosaic disease, but symptoms vary in severity in different cultivars. The disease can result in the loss of up to 40% of the crop depending on the cultivar. Usually symptomless in pear.
Cultural control
- The use of certified virus-tested (and found to be free of all known viruses) planting material is the preferred strategy for protection from this disease.
- Thermotherapy (24 to 32 days at 38°C) and/or apical meristem culture have been used to eliminate various viruses.
References Manzoor, S., Nabi, S. U., Baranwal, V. K., Verma, M. K., Parveen, S., Rather, T. R., Raja, W. H. and Shafi, M. 2023. Overview on century progress in research on mosaic disease of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) incited by apple mosaic virus/apple necrotic mosaic virus. Virology, 587:109846.