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Proven Hosts Regulated forPhytophthora ramorum |
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Regulated plants are those adapted from other regulated lists or were added upon completion, documentation and review of traditional Koch’s postulates. Some are regulated in part (such as redwood and Douglas-fir), others are regulated in their entirety (such as tanoak and western star flower) |
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Scientific Name |
Common Name |
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Abies grandis |
Grand fir |
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Abies magnifica |
Red fir |
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Acer circinatum |
Vine maple |
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Acer macrophyllum* |
Bigleaf maple |
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Acer pseudoplatanus* |
Planetree maple |
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Adiantum aleuticum* |
Western maidenhair fern |
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Adiantum jordanii* |
California maidenhair fern |
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Aesculus californica* |
California buckeye |
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Aesculus hippocastanum* |
Horse-chestnut |
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Arbutus menziesii* |
Madrone |
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Arbutus unedo |
Strawberry tree |
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Arctostaphylos columbiana |
Hairy manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos glauca |
Bigberry manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos hooveri |
Santa Lucia manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos manzanita* |
Manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos montereyensis |
Monterey manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos morroensis |
Morro manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos pilosula |
La Panza manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos pumila |
Sandmat manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos silvicola |
Silverleaf manzanita |
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Arctostaphylos viridissima |
White haired manzanita |
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Berberis aquifolium (≡Mahonia aquifolium) |
Oregon grape |
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Calluna vulgaris* |
Scotch heather |
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Camellia spp.* |
Camellia – all species, hybrids and cultivars |
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Castanea sativa* |
Sweet chestnut |
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Ceanothus thyrsiflorus |
Blue blossom ceanothus |
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Chamaecyparis lawsoniana |
Port Orford cedar |
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Chrysolepis chrysophylla |
Golden chinquapin |
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Cinnamomum camphora* |
Camphor tree |
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Corylus cornuta |
Beaked hazelnut |
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Fagus sylvatica* |
European beech |
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Frangula californica (=Rhamnus californica)* |
California coffeeberry |
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Frangula purshiana (=Rhamnus purshiana)* |
Cascara |
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Fraxinus excelsior |
European ash |
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Gaultheria procumbens* |
Eastern Teaberry |
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Gaultheria shallon |
Salal |
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Griselinia littoralis* |
Griselinia |
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Hamamelis virginiana* |
Witch hazel |
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Heteromeles arbutifolia* |
Toyon |
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Kalmia spp.* |
Mountain laurel – all species, cultivars & hybrids |
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Larix × eurolepis |
Hybrid larch |
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Larix decidua |
European larch |
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Larix kaempferi |
Japanese larch |
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Laurus nobilis* |
Bay laurel |
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Lonicera hispidula* |
California honeysuckle |
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Lophostemon confertus |
Brisbane box |
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Loropetalum chinense |
Chinese fringe flower |
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Magnolia × loebneri |
Loebner magnolia |
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Magnolia doltsopa (=Michelia doltsopa)* |
Michelia |
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Magnolia stellata |
Star magnolia |
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Maianthemum racemosum (=Smilacina racemosa)* |
False Soloman’s seal |
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Notholithocarpusdensiflorus* |
Tanoak |
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Parrotia persica* |
Persian ironwood |
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Phoradendron serotinum subsp. Macrophyllum |
Big-leaf mistletoe |
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Photinia fraseri* |
Red tip photinia |
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Pieris spp.* |
Andromeda, Pieris – all species,hybrids and cultivars |
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Prunus laurocerasus |
Cherry laurel |
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Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesi* |
Douglas-fir Also includes all other varieties and cultivars of nursery grown P. menziesii |
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Quercus agrifolia* |
Coast live oak |
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Quercus cerris* |
European turkey oak |
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Quercus chrysolepis* |
Canyon live oak |
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Quercus falcata* |
Southern red oak |
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Quercus ilex* |
Holm oak |
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Quercus kelloggii* |
California black oak |
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Quercus parvula v. shrevei* |
Shreve’s oak Also includes all other varieties and cultivars of nursery grown Q. parvula |
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Rhododendron spp.* |
Rhododendron & Azalea – all species,hybrids and cultivars |
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Rosa gymnocarpa* |
Wood rose |
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Salix caprea* |
Goat willow |
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Sequoia sempervirens* |
Coast redwood |
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Syringa vulgaris* |
Lilac |
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Taxus baccata* |
European yew |
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Trientalis latifolia* |
Western starflower |
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Umbellularia californica* |
California bay laurel, pepperwood, Oregon myrtle |
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Vaccinium myrtillus |
Whortleberry |
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Vaccinium parvifolium |
Red huckleberry |
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Vaccinium ovatum* |
Evergreen huckleberry |
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Viburnum spp.* |
Viburnum – All species, hybrids and cultivars |
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Vinca minor |
Periwinkle |
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* Unprocessed wood and wood products, including firewood, logs, lumber, and bark chips or mulch of species listed are NOT regulated. Current list: www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pram/downloads/pdf_files/usdaprlist.pdf |
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Plants Associated with Phytophthora ramorum |
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Regulated as nursery stock. Associated plants are those found naturally infected from which P. ramorum has been cultured and/or detected using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). For each of these, traditional Koch’s postulates have not yet been completed or documented and reviewed. Though not regulated and not requiring certification under P. ramorum regulations, these plants will be inspected in nurseries and Christmas tree plantations and, if symptoms observed, held from sale pending testing. |
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Scientific Name |
Common Name, Date |
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Abies alba |
Silver fir ––2016 |
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Abies concolor |
White fir – Oct 051 |
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Abies procera |
Noble fir – 2016 |
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Acer davidii |
Striped bark maple – Jan 069 |
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Acer laevigatum |
Evergreen maple – Aug 053 |
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Alnus cordata |
Italian alder – 2016 |
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Arctostaphylos glandulosa |
Eastwood’s manzanita – 2017 |
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Arctostaphylos montaraensis |
Montara manzanita – 2020 |
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Arctostaphylos pallida |
Pallid manzanita – 2017 |
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Arctostaphylos peninsularis |
Peninsular manzanita – 2020 |
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Arctostaphylos rainbowensis |
Rainbow manzanita – 2020 |
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Arctostaphylos uva–ursi |
Kinnikinnick, bearberry – Jan 0710 |
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Arctostaphylos virgata |
Bolinas manzanita – 2017 |
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Arctostaphylos viscida |
Whiteleaf manzanita – 2022 |
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Ardisia japonica |
Ardisia – Jan 069 |
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Berberis nervosa |
Creeping Oregon grape – 2010 |
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Betula pendula |
Silver birch – 2010 |
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Calycanthus occidentalis |
Spicebush – May 055 |
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Castanopsis orthacantha |
Castanopsis – Aug 063 |
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Ceanothus oliganthus |
Hairy ceanothus – 2021 |
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Cercis chinensis |
Chinese redbud – 2008 |
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Choisya ternata |
Mexican orange blossom – 2013 |
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Clintonia andrewsiana |
Andrew’s clintonia bead lily – May 045 |
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Cornus kousa x Cornus capitata |
Cornus Norman Haddon – Aug 063 |
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Cornus capitata |
Bentham’s cornel – 2015 |
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Cornus kousa |
Kousa dogwood – 2012 |
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Corylopsis spicata |
Spike winter hazel – 2008 |
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Daphniphyllum glaucescens |
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Distylium myricoides |
Myrtle–leafed Distylium – Jul 069 |
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Drimys winteri |
Winter’s bark – July 043 |
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Dryopteris arguta |
California wood fern – May 045 |
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Eucalytus haemastoma |
Scribbly gum – Aug 063 |
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Euonymus kiautschovicus |
Spreading euonymus – Jan 069 |
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Fothergilla major |
Mountain witch alder – 2015 |
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Fraxinus latifolia |
Oregon ash – Aug 055 |
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Garrya elliptica |
Silk tassel bush – 2007 |
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Hamamelis x intermedia |
Hybrid witchhazel – Jan 069 |
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Hamamelis mollis |
Chinese witchhazel – Jan 053 |
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Hydrangea seemannii |
Seemann’s hydrangea – 2015 |
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Ilex aquifolium |
European holly – 2013 |
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Ilex cornuta |
Buford holly, Chinese holly – Apr 0911 |
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Ilex latifolia |
Tarajo holly – 2015 |
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Ilex purpurea |
Oriental holly – Jul 069 |
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Illicium parviflorum |
Yellow anise13 |
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Larix occidentalis |
Western larch – 2019 |
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Leucothoe axillaris |
Fetterbush, dog hobble – Jan 069 |
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Leucothoe fontanesiana |
Drooping leucothoe – Oct 033 |
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Lithocarpus glaber |
Japanese oak – 2015 |
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Lonicera periclymenum |
Common honeysuckle – 2022 |
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Magnolia x soulangeana |
Saucer magnolia – Jan 053 |
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Magnolia × thompsoniana |
hybrid magnolia – 2008 |
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Magnolia acuminata |
Cucumber tree – 2015 |
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Magnolia cavaleriei |
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Magnolia delavayi |
Delavay’s magnolia – 2015 |
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Magnolia denudata |
Yulan magnolia |
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Magnolia denudata × salicifolia |
Magnolia |
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Magnolia ernestii |
Michelia – Jan 069 |
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Magnolia figo |
Banana shrub – 2008 |
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Magnolia foveolata§ |
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Magnolia grandiflora |
Southern magnolia – Jan 069 |
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Magnolia insignis |
Red lotus tree – 2006 |
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Magnolia kobus |
Kobus magnolia – 2013 |
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Magnolia liliiflora |
Lily magnolia – 2013 |
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Magnolia lotungensis |
Eastern joy lotus tree |
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Magnolia maudiae |
Smiling monkey forest tree |
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Magnolia salicifolia |
Anise magnolia – 2013 |
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Molinadendron sinaloense |
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Nerium oleander |
Oleander – Jan 061 |
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Nothofagus obliqua |
Roble beech – Dec 043 |
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Osmanthus decorus |
Osmanthus – Jun 069 |
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Osmanthus delavayi |
Delavay Osmanthus, Delavay tea olive – Jan 0710 |
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Osmanthus fragans |
Sweet olive – Jun 061 |
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Osmanthus heterophyllus |
Holly olive – Jun 061 |
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Osmorhiza berteroi |
Sweet Cicely – Aug 055 |
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Physocarpus opulifolius |
Ninebark – 2008 |
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Picea sitchensis |
Sitka spruce – 2019 |
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Pickeringia montana |
Chaparral pea – 2017 |
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Pinus ponderosa |
Ponderosa Pine – 2021 |
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Pittosporum undulatum |
Victorian box – Dec 026 |
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Polystichum munitum |
Western Swordfern – 2022 |
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Prunus lusitanica |
Portuguese cherry laurel – Jan 069 |
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Pyracantha koidzumii |
Formosa firethorn – Apr 049 |
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Quercus acuta |
Japanese evergreen oak – May 063 |
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Quercus petraea |
Sessile oak – Aug 053 |
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Quercus phillyraeoides |
Ubame oak – 2016 |
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Quercus robur |
English oak – 2015 |
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Quercus rubra |
Northern red oak – Nov 038 |
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Ribes laurifolium |
Evergreen Flowering Currant – 2013 |
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Rosa hybrida ‘Radrazz’ |
Knock Out rose – 2019 |
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Rosa rugosa |
Rugosa rose – Jan 069 |
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Rosa (specific cultivars) |
Royal Bonica (MEImodac), |
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Rubus spectabilis |
Salmonberry – Dec 024 |
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Rubus ursinus |
California blackberry – 2017 |
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Salix babylonica |
Weeping willow – 2007 |
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Sarcococca hookeriana |
Himalayan sweet box – 2015 |
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Schima argentea |
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Schima wallichil |
Chinese guger tree, needlewood |
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Sorbus aucuparia |
European mountain ash – 2015 |
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Syringa meyeri |
Meyer lilac – 2019 |
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Syringa pubescens |
Lilac – 2019 |
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Taxus brevifolia |
Pacific yew – May 035 |
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Taxus x media |
Yew – Jun 058 |
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Torreya californica |
California nutmeg – Aug 055 |
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Toxicodendron diversilobum |
Poison oak – Dec 024 |
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Trachelospermum |
Star jasmine, Confederate jasmine |
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Tsuga heterophylla |
Western hemlock – 2019 |
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Vaccinium intermedium |
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Vaccinium vitis–idaea |
Lingonberry – 2013 |
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Vancouveria planipetala |
Redwood ivy – Aug 055 |
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Veronica spicata Syn. |
Spiked speedwell – June 101 |
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*Source of Report 1 California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 2 Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, OR 3 Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, UK 4 Everett Hanson, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 5 David Rizzo, University of California – Davis, CA 6 Mateo Garbelotto, University of California – Berkeley, CA 7 Gary Chastagner, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 8 Plant Protection Service, Wageningen, Netherlands 9 Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada 10 Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, WA 11 Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 12 Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ireland 13 Alabama Department of Agriculture and Plant Industry |
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