diquat (Reglone)
Nonbearing crop only
Rate 0.375 to 0.5 lb ai/A (1.5 to 2 pint/A of product)
Remarks Add a nonionic surfactant or crop oil concentrate according to label. Weeds 1 inch to 6 inches in height are the easiest to control.
Caution Use a shield or wrap plant when spraying around young trees or vines.
Site of action Group 22: photosystem I electron diversion
Chemical family Bipyridilium
fluazifop (Fusilade DX)
Rate 0.25 to 0.375 lb ai/A (16 to 24 fl oz/A Fusilade DX) Maximum rate per season: 1.125 lb ai/A (72 fl oz/A product)
Time Apply to actively growing grasses, or within 7 days after irrigation, as a directed spray with 1% crop oil or 0.25% nonionic surfactant.
Remarks Identify grass weeds and adjust rates depending on susceptibility and stage of growth as the label instructs. Results often are erratic on grasses stressed from lack of vigor, drought, high temperature, or low fertility. More mature grasses and quackgrass can be controlled but may require two applications. Annual bluegrass and all fine fescues resist treatment.
Caution Preharvest interval is 50 days for hardy kiwi; 1 year for fuzzy kiwi. Grazing is prohibited.
Site of action Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors
Chemical family Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
fluridone (Brake On!)
Rate 0.19 to 0.40 lb ai/A (21 to 43 fl oz/A Brake On!).
Time Fall to spring as preemergence application.
Remarks If applying less than 32 fl oz/A use preemergence tank-mix partner. PHI 30 days. Requires irrigation for soil incorporation. Application to soil with high organic matter (>3%) may reduce efficacy.
Caution Do not apply to the same orchard more than two years in a row. Apply as once per calendar year at a maximum rate per season is 43 fl oz/A (0.4 lb ai). Ground and surface water advisories. Do not get in eyes or on clothing. Causes irreversible eye damage.
Apply to crop that are 18 months or older. Consult your local company representative especially if the environment contains coarse textured soils with a soil pH greater than 7.5.
Site of action Group 12: inhibition of phytoene desaturase
Chemical family Diphenyl ethers
isoxaben (Gallery 75DF and Trellis)
Nonbearing crop only
Rate 0.5 to 1.0 ai/A (0.66 to 1.33 lb/A product), depending on weed species
Time For preemergence control of certain broadleaf weeds, apply to weed-free soil surface.
Remarks Activate herbicide within 21 days, either using shallow cultivation or irrigation with at least 0.5 inch water.
Caution Preharvest interval is 1 year.
Site of action Group 29: inhibits cellulose synthesis
Chemical family Benzamide
trifluralin + isoxaben (Snapshot)
Nonbearing crop only
Rate 2.5 to 5 lb ai/A (100 to 200 lb/A Snapshot) depending on weed species
Time For preemergence control of certain broadleaf weeds and grass weeds, apply to weed-free soil surface.
Remarks Activate herbicide within 3 days, either using shallow cultivation or irrigation with at least 0.5 inch water.
Caution Preharvest interval is 1 year.
Site of action (isoxaben) Group 29: inhibits cellulose synthesis; (trifluralin) Group 3: microtubule assembly inhibitor
Chemical family (isoxaben) benzamide; (trifluralin) dinitroaniline
napropamide (Devrinol DF-XT, Devrinol 2-XT)
Rate 4 lb ai/A (8 lb/A Devrinol DF-XT, 8 quarts/A Devrinol 2-XT)
Time Apply after transplanting to firm soil, before weeds germinate.
Remarks Water the day of treatment to wet the soil 2 to 4 inches deep, to reduce degradation by sun and to activate the herbicide. Where convenient, shallow mechanical incorporation appears to improve activity.
Caution Do not apply within 35 days of harvest.
Site of action Group 15: inhibits very long-chain fatty acid synthesis
Chemical family Acetamide
pendimethalin (Satellite HydroCap)
Rate 3 to 4 lb ai/A (3.2 to 4.2 quarts/A Satellite HydroCap)
Time Apply after transplanting to firm soil, before weeds germinate.
Remarks Most effective if rain or irrigation incorporates herbicide into weed emergence zone.
Caution Contact with the kiwi plant by the spray mixture may cause injury.
Site of action Group 3: microtubule assembly inhibitor
Chemical family Dinitroaniline