Hawthorn, English (Crataegus monogyna)

Remarks Although PNW data are lacking, cut stem applications with glyphosate, triclopyr, or imazapyr will likely be effective.

Site of action (imazapyr) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor; (glyphosate) Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase; (triclopyr) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (imazapyr) imidazolinone; (glyphosate) none generally accepted; (triclopyr) pyridine

Heath, Spanish (Erica lusitanica)

Remarks Although PNW data are lacking, glyphosate, metsulfuron, picloram, and triclopyr are used for control of Spanish heath in New Zealand.

Site of action (metsulfuron) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor; (glyphosate) Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase; (picloram, triclopyr) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (metsulfuron) Sulfonylurea; (glyphosate) none generally accepted; (picloram, triclopyr) Pyridine