aminopyralid (Milestone)
Rate 1 to 1.75 oz ae/A (4 to 7 fl oz/A)
Time Apply preemergence in winter to early spring, or in spring to actively growing plants before the bud stage of growth.
Caution Do not let spray drift onto desirable vegetation. Many forbs (desirable broadleaf plants) can be seriously injured or killed. Do not exceed 7 fl oz/A Milestone per year.
Site of action Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family Pyridine
aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron (Perspective)
Rate 3 to 4.5 oz/A
Time Apply in spring from rosette to flowering stage of growth.
Remarks Adjuvants can be used; these include methylated seed oils 0.5 to 1% v/v, nonionic surfactants at 0.25 to 1% v/v, and crop oil concentrates at 1%v/v.
Caution Do not apply to the root zone of desirable trees and shrubs. May injure or kill some grass species.
Site of action (aminocyclopyrachlor) Group 4 synthetic auxin; (chlorsulfuron) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family (aminocyclopyrachlor) pyridine; (chlorsulfuron) sulfonylurea
aminopyralid + metsulfuron (Opensight)
Rate 2.5 to 3.3 oz/A
Time Apply in spring from rosette to flowering stage of growth.
Remarks Adjuvants can be used; these include methylated seed oils 0.5 to 1% v/v, nonionic surfactants at 0.25 to 1% v/v, and crop oil concentrates at 1%v/v.
Caution May injure or kill some grass species.
Site of action (aminopyralid) Group 4 synthetic auxin; (metsulfuron) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family (aminopyralid) Pyrimidine carboxylic acid ; (metsulfuron) Sulfonylurea
chlorsulfuron (Telar and others)
Rate 0.75 to 0.195 oz ai/A (1 to 2.6 oz/A).
Time Apply in autumn to new rosettes, or to rosettes in spring before bolting.
Remarks Add 0.25% by volume of nonionic surfactant to spray mixture.
Caution Avoid drift to sensitive crops.
Site of action Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family Sulfonylurea
clopyralid (Transline)
Rate 4 to 8 oz ae/A (0.67 to 1.33 pints/A).
Time Apply in spring from rosette to bud stage of growth.
Caution Do not contaminate water. Potatoes, beans, and many other crops are very sensitive to clopyralid. Do not use in diversified cropping areas.
Site of action Group 4 synthetic auxin
Chemical family Pyridine
clopyralid + 2,4-D amine (Curtail)
Rate 2 to 3 quarts/A
Time Apply in spring from rosette to bud stage of growth.
Remarks Consult label for specific site registrations.
Caution Product injures or kills sensitive broadleaf forages. Do not contaminate water.
Site of action (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family (clopyralid) pyridine; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid
dicamba (Clarity and others)
Rate 0.5 to 1 lb ae/A (1 to 2 pints/A)
Time Apply in spring when plants are actively growing.
Caution Avoid drift to sensitive crops.
Site of action Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family Benzoic acid
glyphosate
Rate 1.5 to 3 lb ae/A.
Time Apply in spring from rosette to bud stage of growth.
Remarks Adequate foliar coverage of oxeye daisy is necessary. Add nonionic surfactant if not included in the formulation.
Caution Glyphosate is nonselective and injures or kills other vegetation in the treated area.
Site of action Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase
Chemical family None generally accepted
imazapyr (Arsenal, Habitat)
Rate 0.5 to 0.75 lb ae/A (2 to 3 pints/A)
Time Apply preemergence or postemergence to actively growing oxeye daisy.
Remarks Add 0.25% by volume of nonionic surfactant, or 1 to 2 pints/A methylated seed soil or crop oil concentrate to spray mixture.
Caution Imazapyr is nonselective; spray will injure or kill vegetation contacted.
Site of action Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family Imidazolinone
metsulfuron (Escort and others)
Rate 0.3 to 0.6 oz ai/A (0.5 to 1 oz/A)
Time Apply in spring to actively growing plants, or to new rosettes in the fall.
Remarks Add 0.25% by volume of nonionic surfactant to spray mixture. Application sites differ between products; consult labels.
Caution Avoid contacting sensitive crops. Apply only to pasture, rangeland, and non-crop sites.
Site of action Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family Sulfonylurea
picloram (Tordon)
Rate 6 to 8 oz ae/A
Time Apply in spring to actively growing plants, or to new rosettes in the fall.
Caution Most formulations are restricted-use herbicides. See label for grazing restrictions. Do not contaminate water. Potatoes, beans, and many other crops are very sensitive to picloram. Do not use in diversified cropping areas. At rates above 0.5 lb ae/A (1 quart/A), apply only as spot treatment not to exceed 25% of a landowner's acreage in a given watershed in a single season.
Site of action Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family Pyridine