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Grass for Seed-Head Smut (Loose Smut) March 2025 See: Grass for Seed- Kernel Smut Cause A complex ... of closely related smuts, the most important of which is the fungus Ustilago bullata. The disease is found ... specificity with different races of U. bullata that infect different grass species. Head smut appears before ...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare)-False Loose Smut March 2025 See: Fungicide Effectiveness as Seed ... Treatments for Cereal Diseases Cause False loose smut is caused by the fungus Ustilago avenae (syn. = U. ... nigra) and may be easily confused with Ustilago tritici (see Barley-Loose Smut, below). However, U. ...

Oats (Avena sativa)-Covered Smut March 2025 See: Fungicide Effectiveness as Seed Treatments ... of smut spores replace kernels. The smut mass tends to remain enclosed by a whitish membrane until broken ... by harvesting. Chaff is not completely destroyed as it is with loose smut of oats. Cultural control Avoid using ...

Grass for Seed-Common Bunt (Stinking Smut) March 2025 See: Wheat (Triticum aestivum)- Common Bunt ... (Stinking Smut) Cause Two fungi, Tilletia caries (formerly T. tritici) and T. laevis (formerly T. foetida), ... are replaced by light brown smut balls filled with dark brown spore masses. When smut balls are crushed, ...

Corn (Zea mays)-Common Smut March 2025 Cause The fungus, Ustilago maydis (syn. = U. zeae), ... or insect borers. Smut usually is more severe on plants heavily fertilized with nitrogen. In a warm growing ... season, the amount of smut coincides closely with soil moisture, especially in June. If temperatures ...

(Stinking Smut) Fungicide Effectiveness as Seed Treatments for Cereal Diseases Cause The fungus, Tilletia ... are dwarfed compared to healthy plants. Smut balls containing masses of dark smut spores replace kernels. ... If crushed, a smut ball emits a distinctive foul odor as in common bunt. Cultural control Use pathogen-free ...

Grass for Seed-Kernel Smut March 2025 See: Grass for Seed- Head Smut (Loose Smut) Cause Fungi ...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum)-Common Bunt (Stinking Smut) March 2025 See: Fungicide Effectiveness ... at planting. Infection is either from smut spores on seed (seedborne) or from spores in soil close to the seed ... brown smut balls filled with dark brown spore masses replace all or part of the kernels. Crushing a smut ...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum)-Loose Smut March 2025 See: Fungicide Effectiveness as Seed Treatments ... tests uncertified seed samples for loose smut. For more information, see "Plant Disease ... Clinics" in "Testing Services" in Section 2. Cultural control Plant certified smut-free seed. Do ...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare)-Loose Smut March 2025 See: Fungicide Effectiveness as Seed Treatments ... is less common in arid regions. Symptoms Smutted heads emerge from the boot earlier than healthy heads. ... to healthy heads. Under some conditions, smut may be visible on flag leaves, sheaths, or culms. Cultural ...