NONSELECTIVE POSTEMERGENCE
glufosinate (Cheetah Pro EPA# 228-743)
Rate Apply at 24 - 82 fl oz/A. Use higher rates when weeds are more mature. Use higher rates when controlling annual bluegrass and other grasses.
Time Apply when target plants are actively growing.
Remarks Glufosinate will translocate in plants, but to a lesser degree than glyphosate. When treating to control strong perennial plants, repeat applications will often be necessary.
Site of action Group 10: inhibits glutamine synthetase
Chemical family Phosphinic acids
glyphosate (Roundup and many others; Roundup Pro Herbicide EPA# 524-475(41% ai); ROUNDUP PROMAX HERBICIDE EPA# 524-579 (48.7% ai))
Rate Most glyphosate products are 41% ai. For those products, when controlling annual weeds, use 12 to 36 fl oz/A. For perennial weeds: use 1.5 to 7.5 pints/A, or for hand-held applications, use 0.75% to 1.5% solutions. Refer to annual and perennial weed control tables on the glyphosate product to calculate amount of product and gallons of water to use for control of specific weeds.
Time Apply when target plants are actively growing.
Remarks Properly applied, glyphosate kills all common weedy grasses and many broadleaf weeds. Results on grasses are best if turf is allowed to grow at least 3 inches tall or to flower. For maximum kill, delay replanting to see whether regrowth is from crowns or rhizomes. Bermudagrass kill is better with summer or early fall sprays. Roundup PRO is for use in industrial (nonagricultural) markets. Roundup PROMAX has a new formulation of surfactants with a Category IV acute toxicity rating and "Caution" signal word. It contains 15% surfactant for faster activity and is rainfast in 1 to 2 hr. Effects on weedy grasses are visible in 2 to 4 days, but on most perennial weeds not for 7 days or more. Roundup PROMAX's active ingredient inhibits an enzyme essential for forming specific amino acids.
Caution Avoid tilling or slice-seeding sprayed areas for at least 7 days to ensure adequate translocation to crowns, rhizomes, and roots. Use caution in spraying turf near ornamentals, which may be injured or killed by drift or direct spray contact. See label for site application for each product.
Site of action Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase
Chemical family None generally accepted
glyphosate (Glypro Plus EPA# 62719-322; Gly Star Original EPA# 42750-61; Gly Star K-Plus EPA# 42750-122; Gly Star Plus EPA# 42750-61; RANGER PRO HERBICIDE EPA# 524-517)
Rate See tables on label for amount of product to use for specific weed control.
Time Apply when plants are actively growing for best results.
Remarks Suppresses perennial grasses (see label for specific grasses and rates) and can substitute for mowing. Also can suppress annual rye, wild barley rye, and wild oat in coarse turf on roadsides or in industrial areas. Use only if some damage or discoloration of perennial grasses can be tolerated. Glypro Plus controls most existing vegetation prior to renovating turfgrass or establishing turfgrass from seed or sod. If existing vegetation is being mowed, omit at least one regular mowing before application to allow sufficient growth to intercept the spray well.
Caution Avoid herbicide contact with foliage, green stems, exposed nonwoody roots or fruit of crops, and desirable plants and trees; severe injury or death may result. Do not treat weeds under poor growing conditions such as drought stress, disease or insect damage; weed control may be reduced. Herbicide activity may also be reduced if weeds are very dusty. Do not disturb soil for 7 days after application. Do not feed or graze turfgrass grown for seed or sod production for 8 weeks after applying.
Site of action Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase
Chemical family None generally accepted
NONSELECTIVE POSTEMERGENCE AND PREEMERGENCE
flumioxazin (SureGuard EZ EPA# 59639-260 (Registered in Idaho))
Rate common rate = 12 fl oz/A
Time SureGuard EZ is primarily a preemergence herbicide but will control immature actively growing weeds. For preemergence control, apply before weeds germinate.
Remarks SureGuard EZ can be applied for PRE and POST annual bluegrass control in dormant Bermudagrass (see label instructions). SureGuard EZ also has aquatic uses on the label (see label instructions). It can also be applied to bare ground areas with directed applications in landscape beds and hardscapes.
Caution Do not allow people or pets to enter the treated area until sprays have dried.
Site of action Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor
Chemical family diphenylether
pelargonic acid (Scythe Herbicide EPA# 10163-325)
Rate Annual weeds, moss and young plants within other green plants: 3% to 5% (4 fl oz to 6.66 fl oz/gal water). Burn down of perennial herbaceous plants and sucker control: 5% to 7% (6.3 fl oz to 9.33 fl oz/1 gal water). Maximum burn down, edging or foliar trimming: 7% to 10% (9.33 fl oz to 13 fl oz/1 gal water).
Time For best results, apply when plants are actively growing and day is sunny and warm.
Remarks A nonvolatile, contact, nonselective, broad-spectrum, foliar-applied emulsifiable concentrate (EC). It is nonsystemic with no soil residual and will not move through soil. Controls annual broadleaf and grass weeds less than 6 inches tall. Suppresses biennial and perennial weeds by destroying green foliage. Effects are visible within hours. Does not damage woody plant parts. Can be used to spot-weed or edge turf and landscape areas. Spray to wet but not to the point of runoff. Cool or cloudy weather after treatment may slow activity and delay visible effects.
Caution Avoid spray contact with foliage of desirable turfgrasses, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation because damage may result.
Site of action Group: unknown
Chemical family Carboxylic acid
SELECTIVE PREEMERGENCE AND EARLY POSTEMERGENCE
ethofumesate (POACONSTRICTOR HERBICIDE EPA# 94396-1; Prograss Herbicide EPA# 432-1462; Prograss SC Herbicide EPA# 432-1462)
Rate For new seedings applied preemergence of weeds: 0.2 to 3 pints/A. Postemergence applications: 2.25 to 3 pints/A no later than the 4-leaf stage of the weed. Harder-to-control weeds must be treated by the 2-leaf stage of the plant. For established grasses: 2.25 to 3 pints/A both pre- and postemergence for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Labels give rates for each type of grass and season of application
Time Apply to grasses listed as tolerant on label before annual bluegrass reaches the 4-leaf stage.
Remarks It provides effective preemergence and early postemergence control of annual bluegrass in new seedings of perennial ryegrass. It is root absorbed; water it in after application.
Caution Ethofumesate inhibits germination of most desirable cool-season grasses other than perennial ryegrass. It is highly toxic to seedling fine fescues. Surface organic matter decreases its effectiveness. Remove thatch and other debris before applying.
Site of action Group 15: very long-chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
Chemical family Benzofuran