Mixtures without Triclopyr

2,4-D + fluroxypyr + halauxifen-methyl (GameOn)

Rate 3 to 4 pints per acre. Do not reapply within 3 weeks of a previous application. Do not exceed 8 pints per acre annually.

Time Best weed control results are obtained when applied to small, actively growing weeds. Extreme growing conditions such as drought or near freezing temperatures prior to, at, or following time of application may reduce weed control.

Remarks GameOn provides postemergence control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in established turfgrass and ornamental grasses in: golf courses (including fairways, aprons and roughs, tee boxes), industrial sites, cemeteries, commercial sod farms, and unimproved turfgrass areas. Not for use in residential turf. For optimum results, do not mow turfgrass for 72 hr after application.

Caution Do not treat to bentgrass or bermudagrass with GameOn when the mowing height is less than 1/2 inch. GameOn may discolor and/or stunt turfgrass that is not well established or is stressed or weakened. Apply to newly established turfgrass that has tillered or been mowed twice. A minimum spray volume of 10 gallons or more per acre. Do not use on injury-sensitive warm-season turfgrass such as St. Augustinegrass, centipedegrass or bermudagrass.

Site of action (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin.

Chemical family (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid; (fluroxypyr) pyridine; (halauxifen methyl) pyridine

2, 4-D + fluroxypyr + dicamba (Escalade 2 Herbicide)

Rates 2 to 3 pints in 20 to 240 gal water/A or 0.73 to 1.1 fl oz in 0.5 to 5.5 gal of water/1,000 sq ft. On bentgrass cut at fairway height: apply a maximum of 2 pints/A, or 0.73 fl oz/1,000 sq ft. If grass is under stress: use 1 to 1.5 pints/A or 0.36 to 0.55 fl oz/1,000 sq ft. To limit damage, wait four weeks to make a second application.

Time Apply to actively growing broadleaf weeds listed on label.

Remarks Escalade is formulated to control weeds growing in Kentucky bluegrass, fescue, perennial ryegrass and bentgrass turf (excluding golf greens and tees). Used to control black medic, chickweed, clover, cocklebur, dandelion, knotweed, Oxalis species, plantain, thistle, and many other species of broadleaf weeds listed on the label. For turf, do not exceed two broadcast applications per year.

Caution Do not apply to golf greens and tees, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, dichondra, legumes, and lawns with desirable clovers. Avoid contact with exposed feeder roots of ornamental trees and shrubs. Avoid applying during excessively dry or hot periods, unless irrigating. Do not apply to new grass seedlings until after second mowing. Wait 3 to 4 weeks to apply to newly sodded, sprigged, or plugged areas. Do not irrigate turfgrass within 24 hr after application. Delay mowing 1 to 2 days before and after applying. Do not apply when air temperature exceeds 90°F. Do not allow people (other than applicator) or pets on treatment area during application. Do not enter treatment area until spray has dried. Do not reseed for 3 to 4 weeks after applying. Product can be mixed with some liquid fertilizers or liquid iron materials; however, test for compatibility before mixing in application equipment, due to product variability.

Site of action (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid; (fluroxypyr) pyridine; (dicamba) benzoic acid

2,4-D + mecoprop-p + dicamba (Trimec Classic, Triplet SF)

Rate The maximum Trimec Classic and Triplet application rate is 4.0 pints of product per acre. The maximum annual rate is 8.0 pints per acre for Trimec Classic and 10 pints per acre for Triplet. The maximum number of applications is limited to 2 per year with a minimum of 30 days between applications for both products.

Time Maximum control of weeds in cool-season and warm-season turfgrasses will be obtained from spring or early fall applications when weeds are actively growing.

Remarks Trimec Classic is intended to be applied by lawn care operators and landscape personnel for use in ornamental lawns, turf established in institutional, ornamental, residential/domestic sites and sod farms. Triplet is a selective broadleaf weed control for use on sod farms, highways, rights-of-way, ornamental turf, parks, cemeteries, athletic fields, and golf courses.

Caution: Do not apply when air temperatures exceed 90°F. Do not apply to newly seeded turf until after the second or third mowing. Wait 3 to 4 weeks after application before seeding new turfgrass.

Site of action (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (2,4-D and mecoprop-p) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid2, 4-D + mecoprop-p +

dicamba + pyraflufen (4-Speed Selective Herbicide)

Rate 0.67 to 1.5 fl oz/1,000 sq ft in 0.1 to 5 gal water/1,000 sq ft or 1.8 to 4 pints/A in 3 to 200 gal water/A. See chart on label for rates for specific weeds.

Time Apply this product to young, actively growing weeds as a postemergence broadcast or spot spray. Follow-up applications may be required for dense infestations and hard to control species. Use this product on residential, industrial and institutional lawns, parks, cemeteries, athletic fields, golf courses, sod farms and similar turf areas. Do not apply to newly seeded grasses until well established unless discoloration or damage can be tolerated.

Remarks Fast-acting formulation is designed to show weed injury symptoms within 24 to 48 hr of application. Do not apply for at least 3 to 4 weeks after sodding, sprigging or plugging. Reseed no more than 2 weeks after application of the product. In areas that are slit seeded, to assure seed soil contact, reseeding interval may be reduced to 7 days.

Caution Do not apply more than 2 applications per year. Applications must be a minimum of 21 days apart. Turf should not be mowed for 1 to 2 days before or after application to maximize leaf surface of the target plant and aid in translocation. When air temperature exceeds 90°F, temporary turf injury may result from broadcast applications. Avoid applying during excessively dry or hot periods unless irrigation is used. For optimum results, do not apply if rainfall is expected within 4 hours; delay irrigation cycle for 24 hr.

Site of action (2,4-D, mecoprop-p and dicamba) Group 4: synthetic auxin; (pyraflufen) Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor

Chemical family (2,4-D and mecoprop-p) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid; (pyraflufen) Phenylpyrazole

2, 4-D + mecoprop-p + dicamba + sulfentrazone (Gordons Proform Surge Broadleaf Herbicide/Turf)

Rate Broadcast treatments: 3.25 to 4 pints/A in 10 to 200 gal water/A or 1.2 to 1.5 fl oz/1,000 sq ft in 0.23 to 5 gal water/1,000 sq ft. Spot Treatments: 1.2 to 1.5 fl oz/1,000 sq ft in 1 gal water/1,000 sq ft. See Table 2 on label for rates to use on hard-to-control weeds.

Time Excellent post-emergence broadleaf weed activity in turfgrass, with improved cool-weather performance.

Remarks This product is for use on residential/domestic sites, ornamental sites, institutional sites, noncropland sites and agricultural sites. Grass species that are tolerant are: Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, bentgrass, fescues, bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, bahiagrass and buffalograss.

Caution Do not apply to carpetgrass, dichondra, St. Augustinegrass, greens, tees and collars of golf courses, lawns with desirable clovers or legumes or to ornamentals (flowers, groundcovers, landscape beds and shrubs). Turfgrass tolerance to this product may vary and temporary turfgrass yellowing may occur on some varieties of hybrid bermudagrass. To avoid turfgrass injury, apply to turfgrasses that are reasonably free from stress caused by diseases, insects, excess heat or cold, drought, shaded areas, low soil pH, nematodes, improper mowing, or improper applications of fertilizer and pesticides. Do not broadcast this product when temperatures are above 90°F. Delay application of this product to grass seedlings until after the second or third mowing, or 28 days after emergence. For newly sodded, sprigged or plugged grasses, application should be delayed until 3 to 4 weeks after the sodding, sprigging or plugging operations. Do not irrigate for 24 hr. Delay mowing 2 days before and 2 days after application of this product. Clippings from the first three mowings should be left on the treated area. Do not use these clippings as mulch or compost around flowers, ornamentals or trees, or in vegetable gardens. Do not use near exposed root systems or adventitious shoots within the drop line of desirable trees and shrubs, since injury may result.

Site of action (2,4-D, mecoprop-p and dicamba) Group 4: synthetic auxin; (sulfentrazone) Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor

Chemical family (2,4-D and mecoprop-p) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid; (sulfentrazone) triazinone.

2, 4-D + quinclorac + dicamba (Quincept Herbicide, Lesco Momentum Q,)

Rate 7 to 8 pints/A in 20 to 300 gal water/A; Spot Treatments: 2.6 to 2.9 fl oz/1,000 sq ft in 0.5 to 6.9 gal water/1,000 sq ft. Maximum of two applications per year.

Time Apply to actively growing grassy and broadleaf weeds listed on label.

Remarks Provides broad-spectrum control of grassy and broadleaf weeds in residential and nonresidential turfgrasses. Sites include but are not limited to: grounds or lawns around residential and commercial establishments, multifamily dwellings, military and other institutions, parks, airports, roadsides, schools, picnic grounds, athletic fields, houses of worship, cemeteries, golf courses, and sod farms. Controls newly germinated one- to two-leaf crabgrass, to one-tiller crabgrass when crabgrass has matured to five tillers or greater. Quinclorac contributes grassy weed control and is absorbed by foliage and roots and translocated throughout the plant. Susceptible grasses demonstrate stunting, chlorosis, and gradual reddening followed by necrosis and death. Yellowing that may occur on some grasses may be reduced by adding chelated iron or sprayable solution nitrogen. Apply to fine fescue only when it is part of a blend.

Caution Do not apply to newly seeded grass until after the third mowing or 4 weeks after emergence. Do not mow for 2 days before or after applying. Do not apply by air or through any type of irrigation system. Application to established creeping bentgrass must be in two to three split applications. Do not exceed 1.5 lb ai/A quinclorac per year. Do not use on golf course greens, tees, or collars. Do not use on lawns with desirable clovers or legumes.

Site of action (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin;

Chemical family (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid; (quinclorac) quinoline carboxylic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid

2, 4-D + quinclorac + dicamba + sulfentrazone (Gordons Proform Q4 Plus Turf)

Rate Weeds easily controlled: Use 7 to 8 pints/A or 2.6 to 3 fl oz/1,000 sq ft; Hard-to-control weeds: 9 pints/A or 3.3 fl oz/1,000 sq ft (see Table 1 on label). Use 50 to 220 gal/A (1.2 to 5.0 gal/1,000 sq ft) with spray pressures adjusted to between 20 and 40 psi. Use higher spray volumes for dense weed populations (up to 200 gal/A or 5 gal/1,000 sq ft). Sequential applications as either broadcast or spot treatments should be made 14 to 21 days after the initial application.

Time Postemergence control of grassy weeds and nutsedge if applied at the 1- to 3-leaf stage on residential/domestic sites, ornamental sites, institutional sites, noncropland sites and agricultural sites. Apply this product to weeds that are young and actively growing for best results. (See Tables 1 & 2 on label).

Remarks Provides post-emergence control and suppression of certain grassy weeds and yellow nutsedge in Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, fescues, annual bluegrass, rough bluegrass and annual ryegrass turfgrasses.

Caution Do not apply to bahiagrass, carpetgrass, centipedegrass, dichondra, St. Augustinegrass, greens, tees and collars of golf courses, lawns with desirable clovers or legumes or to ornamentals (flowers, groundcovers, landscape beds and shrubs). Turfgrass tolerance to this product may vary and temporary turfgrass yellowing may occur on the fine fescues. To avoid turfgrass injury, apply to turfgrasses that are reasonably free of biotic or abiotic stress. Do not broadcast this product when temperatures are above 90°F. Delay application of this product to grass seedlings until after the second or third mowing, or 28 days after emergence. For newly sodded, sprigged or plugged grasses, application should be delayed until 3 to 4 weeks after the sodding, sprigging or plugging operations. Do not apply this product immediately before rainfall or irrigation. Do not irrigate for 24 hr after application. Delay mowing 2 days before and 2 days after application of this product. Clippings from the first three mowings should be left on the treated area. Do not use these clippings as mulch or compost around flowers, ornamentals trees or in vegetable gardens.

Site of action (2,4-D, Quinclorac and dicamba) Group 4: synthetic auxin; (sulfentrazone) Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor

Chemical family (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid; (quinclorac) quinoline carboxylic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid; (sulfentrazone) triazinone.

carfentrazone-ethyl + MCPA + MCPP + dicamba (Gordon's Proform Power Zone)

Rate 1.3 to 1.8 fl oz/1,000 sq ft

Time Apply to actively growing broadleaf weeds.

Remarks Power Zone is an emulsifiable concentrate. Power Zone is a selective postemergence herbicide with superior cool-weather performance on established cool- and warm-season grasses for common and troublesome weeds in turfgrass such as spurge, pennywort, dandelion, and white clover. Evidence of injury can be seen within hours of application, and plants can die in 7 to 14 days. Safe on Kentucky bluegrass, annual bluegrass, annual ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, red or fine leaf fescue, and mixtures of cool-season species in noncropland (Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, smooth bromegrass, and orchardgrass). Uses include institutional, ornamental, and residential sites, sod production, and noncropland (rights-of-way, roadsides, medians, airports, and military installations). Spray solution must be above pH 5 and below pH 8.

Caution Tolerance to Power Zone may vary; certain F1 hybrids of bermudagrass may yellow temporarily. Environmental conditions and certain spray tank additives (e.g., adjuvants, wetting agents, surfactants), liquid fertilizers, and tank-mixtures containing other emulsifiable concentrates may reduce selectivity on turfgrass. Do not apply to bentgrass greens, carpetgrass, dichondra, legumes, or lawns with desirable clovers. Do not apply to new grass seedlings until after the second mowing. Wait 3 to 4 weeks to apply to newly sodded, sprigged, or plugged areas. Do not irrigate turfgrass within 24 hr after applying. Delay mowing 1 to 2 days before and after applying this product. Treated areas may be reseeded 2 weeks after application. Do not apply when air temperature exceeds 90°F. Do not apply to any body of water, wetlands, irrigation ditch banks, or shorelines.

Site of action (carfentrazone-ethyl) Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; (MCPA, MCPP, and dicamba) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (carfentrazone-ethyl) triazinone; (MCPA and MCPP) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid

carfentrazone-ethyl + 2,4-D + MCPP + dicamba (Gordon's Proform SpeedZone Broadleaf Herbicide/Turf)

Rate 3.0 to 5.0 pints/A or 1.1 to 1.8 fl oz/1,000 sq ft

Time Apply to actively growing broadleaf weeds.

Remarks Speed Zone is an emulsifiable concentrate. Speed Zone is a selective postemergence herbicide with superior cool-weather performance on established cool- and warm-season grasses for common and troublesome weeds in turfgrass such as spurge, pennywort, dandelion, and white clover. Evidence of injury can be seen within hours of application, and plants can die in 7 to 14 days. Safe to apply on Kentucky bluegrass, annual bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, red or fineleaf fescue, creeping and colonial bentgrass (excluding golf greens), and mixtures of cool-season species in noncropland (Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, smooth bromegrass, and orchardgrass). Uses include institutional, ornamental, and residential sites, sod production, and noncropland (rights-of-way, roadsides, medians, airports, and military installations). Spray solution must be above pH 5 and below pH 8.

Caution Do not apply to bentgrass greens, carpetgrass, dichondra, legumes, and lawns with desirable clovers. Do not apply to new grass seedlings until after the second mowing. Delay applying for 3 to 4 weeks on newly sodded, sprigged, or plugged areas. Do not irrigate turfgrass within 24 hr of application. Delay mowing 1 to 2 days before and after application. Treated areas may be reseeded 2 weeks after application. Do not apply when air temperature exceeds 90°F. Do not apply to any body of water, wetlands, irrigation ditch banks, or shorelines.

Site of action (carfentrazone-ethyl) Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; (2,4-D, MCPP, and dicamba) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (carfentrazone-ethyl) triazinone; (2,4-D and MCPP) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid

dicamba + quinclorac + MCPP (Onetime Herbicide)

Rate Broadcast applications: 64 fl oz/A or 1.45 fl oz/1,000 sq ft with 1.5 pints/A or 0.55 fl oz/1,000 sq ft of methylated seed oil. Spot treatments: use 1.45 fl oz/1,000 sq ft with 0.55 fl oz/1,000 sq ft of methylated seed oil. See Tables 2, 3 and 4 on label for rates for specific weeds.

Time One Time Herbicide may be applied postemergence to residential and nonresidential turfgrasses, such as: airports, parks, multifamily dwellings, military institutions, roadsides, schools, athletic fields, churches, cemeteries and golf courses. Apply to actively growing weeds as postemergence broadcast or spot sprays using the turf species, rate, and growth stages indicated on label.

Remarks One Time Herbicide is an auxin agonist and is absorbed by foliage and roots and translocated throughout the plant. The control symptoms exhibited by broadleaf weeds include leaf and stem curl or twisting, and chlorosis. Susceptible grasses demonstrate stunting, chlorosis and gradual reddening followed by necrosis and death. Annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, buffalograss, tall fescue, annual and perennial ryegrass and zoysiagrass are highly tolerant when they are established. Creeping bentgrass, hybrid bermudagrass, rough bluegrass, fine fescues and seashore paspalum are only moderately tolerant to this herbicide when the grasses are established. Grasses controlled include: barnyardgrass, large and smooth crabgrass, giant, green and yellow foxtail, kikuyugrass, signalgrass and torpedograss. Weeds controlled include: bedstraw, creeping buttercup, chicory, chickweed, clover, dandelion, dock, English daisy, ground ivy, healall, henbit, horseweed, knotweed, lambsquarters, mallow morningglory, pennycress, pepperweed, pigweed, buckhorn and broadleaf plantain, puncturevine, sheep red, shepherd's purse, sowthistle, wild strawberry, speedwell, spurge, bull and Canada thistle, wild violet, wild carrot, wild garlic, wild onion, wood sorrel and yarrow.

Caution Do not use on golf course greens and collars. Do not apply more than 2 applications per year. Do not make repeat applications in less than 30-day intervals. Do not apply to turfgrass grown for sod. Do not make applications of Onetime to drought-stressed turfgrass and/or drought-stressed weeds. Do not apply to fine fescue unless it is part of a seed mix. Do not use clippings as mulch or compost around flowers, ornamentals, trees, or in vegetable gardens.

Site of action (mecoprop-p, dicamba and quinclorac) Group 4: synthetic auxin;

Chemical family (quinclorac) quinoline carboxylic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid; (MCPP) phenoxy acetic acid

MCPA + fluroxypyr + dicamba (Triple Shot)

Rate 2 to 3 pints in 20 to 240 gal water/A or 0.73 to 1.1 fl oz/1,000 sq ft in 0.5 to 5.5 gal water

Time Apply to actively growing broadleaf weeds listed on label.

Remarks This product is for selective broadleaf weed control in ornamental lawns, parks, cemeteries, athletic fields, golf courses (excluding any bentgrass tees) and sod farms.

Caution Do not use on Dichondra, or on lawns with desirable clovers. Avoid fine mists. Use lawn-type sprayer with coarse spray so wind drift is less likely. Avoid contact with exposed feeder roots of ornamentals and trees. Best control is from spring or early fall applications, when weeds are actively growing. Use higher rate on label for hard-to-control weeds. Do not apply to newly seeded grasses until well established. Avoid broadcast applications when air exceeds 90°F. Spot treatments at temperatures over 90°F may injure turf. Do not mow turfgrass 1 to 2 days before or after application. Wait 3 or 4 weeks after application to reseed.

Site of action (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin;

Chemical family (MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid; (fluroxypyr) pyridine; (dicamba) benzoic acid

sulfentrazone + carfentrazone (Dismiss NXT Herbicide)*

Rate Dismiss NXT Herbicide will control or suppress sedges when applied at a rate of 0.117 to 0.350 fl oz/1,000 sq ft. Apply the highest rate consistent with the rate needed for turfgrass safety (See Table 1 on label). Rates lower than 0.234 fl oz/1,000 sq ft will generally control sedges for at least 60 days. For optimum control of purple nutsedge, split applications are recommended (Table 4 on label). Apply 0.117 to 0.234 fl oz/1,000 sq ft as an initial application followed by a second application when evidence of actively growing purple nutsedge is visible.

Time First application of this product can be made following the second mowing providing the turfgrass has developed into a uniform stand with a good root system. Creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, rough bluegrass, fine fescue, tall fescue and perennial ryegrasses are tolerant to this herbicide.

Remarks This herbicide is a selective postemergence herbicide that controls broadleaf weeds and sedges in established turf area including, but not limited to, residential and institutional lawns, athletic fields, commercial sod farms, golf course fairways and golf course roughs. Good coverage is needed for optimum control of sedges.

Caution Use of surfactants is not recommended; the result may include temporary discoloration of some turf types. It is not advisable to apply to turfgrasses under stress from drought, extreme temperature changes, disease or insect pressure, as turf damage may occur. Do not apply Dismiss NXT Herbicide on turfgrass that is weakened by weather, mechanical, chemical disease or other related stress. Turfgrass discoloration may occur when Dismiss NXT herbicide is applied under environmental conditions favoring frost. Discoloration may be more severe in shaded areas, or low-lying areas where frost may persist. To minimize potential adverse effects, avoid Dismiss NXT herbicide applications in late fall or early spring.

Temporary turfgrass discoloration has been observed when Primo has been either tank mixed or applied within 7 days of a Dismiss NXT Herbicide application. Do not apply to sod within 3 months of harvest or 3 months of establishment.

Site of action Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor

Chemical family Triazinone

*Not Registered for Use in California

sulfentrazone + quinclorac (Solitaire Herbicide, Solitaire WSL)

Rate 0.75 to 1.5 lb ai/A or 4 to 7.9 fl oz/1,000 sq ft

Time This selective postemergence herbicide controls annual grasses, broadleaf weeds and sedges in established turf areas including, but not limited to, residential, commercial and institutional lawns, athletic fields, commercial sod farms, golf course fairways and golf course roughs.

Remarks Postemergence efficacy is improved when adequate soil moisture is present at application. Best weed control results will be obtained when no rainfall or irrigation occurs within 24 hours after application. If no rainfall occurs within 7 days after application in the amount of 0.5 inches, then irrigation of at least 0.5 inches in recommended. Solitaire is absorbed by shoots, roots and foliage.

Caution Do not apply this product through any type of irrigation system. Do not use on soils classified as sand which have less than 1% organic matter. Do not apply directly to water, to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.

Site of action (sulfentrazone) Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; (quinclorac) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (sulfentrazone) triazinone;(quinclorac) quinoline carboxylic acid;

2,4-D + 2,4-DP (many products) or 2,4-D + MCPP + dicamba or
2,4-D + MCPP-P + dicamba (TruPower 3, Strike 3) or 2,4-D + 2,4-DP + dicamba or
MCPA + MCPP + dicamba or
2,4-D + 2,4-DP + MCPP (Spoiler)

Rate 3 to 4 pints/A. Do not apply more than 9 pints/A per application or 18 pints/A per season, excluding spot treatments. Applications must be 30 days apart.

Time Apply to actively growing broadleaf weeds listed on label.

Remarks These mixtures are available in amine salt and ester formulations. They generally are effective on a broad range of weeds, and are safe on most grasses due to relatively low component rates. As a group, these will not control Oxalis species, violets, lawn ivy, or spurge. Retreatment generally is necessary on difficult weeds such as yarrow, lawn daisy, and clovers.

Site of action (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin

Chemical family (2,4-D, 2,4-DP, MCPP, and MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid